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Housing Counsel: Can You Force A Seller To Sell?

Q. I have been renting a small 1940's bungalow in Virginia for many years. About five years ago, the landlord offered to sell me the property, but after the property was appraised, he withdrew the offer. The house is in poor condition but – like most properties in this area – has appreciated significantly in the past two years.

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I now would like to buy. Do you have any ideas as to how to entice the owner – who owns other properties – to sell me the house? Or would I be better off purchasing a newer property further away from the Washington area, since my budget is tight?

A: I will “make you an offer you can’t refuse”. That may work in many situations, but there is absolutely no way that you – as a tenant – can force or even entice the owner to sell you the property. There are many people who will absolutely insist on hanging on to every piece of real estate they own, regardless of how deteriorated the property is or how attractive is the price being offered.

It appears that you have such a landlord, and there will probably be no way that you can change his mind. Here are some suggestions, however:

  • Invite the landlord over to inspect the property. Perhaps he has not seen it in several years, and if he sees that the house is in bad condition, he may decide to sell it to you, rather than have to make the necessary repairs.

  • Some people call in the appropriate governmental housing inspectors to cite the landlord for housing and building code violations. After all, you are still a tenant, and the landlord does have the legal obligation to provide you with a safe and habitable property. Some landlords, when faced with the legal obligation to make thousands of dollars of repairs, may change their mind.

  • Talk to a tax attorney to learn the taxable consequences should the landlord sell you the property. Since your landlord has owned the property for many years, he no doubt has taken a lot of depreciation, and if the property is sold, the IRS requires that the landlord pay a “recapture” tax of 25 percent of the amount of the depreciation. However, perhaps the landlord is not aware that if he engages in a “Like Kind exchange” under section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, he can obtain another piece of property and (if the exchange is properly conducted) he will be able to defer all real estate capital gains. Avoiding (or deferring) capital gains tax sometimes will assist in changing your landlord’s position.

  • Perhaps your landlord will take back financing, so that he will not have to pay the capital gains tax all at once. This is called an “installment sale” and your tax advisors will assist you in understanding this concept. Again, if capital gains tax is the primary concern of your landlord, an installment sale may be an attractive option.

    Several years ago, your landlord made you an offer, but before you accepted that offer, it was withdrawn. This is classic contract law. In order to have a binding contract, three elements are required: (l) an offer, (2) an acceptance, and (3) consideration. The latter is usually met by the earnest money good faith deposit which a purchaser puts up when a contract is signed, but consideration can be something other than money. The courts have held that if the seller, for example, takes the property off of the market in anticipation that you will go to settlement, that would be sufficient and adequate consideration to ensure that there is a binding contract.

    However, unless there is language in an offer spelling out the conditions and the limitations of the offer (ie. “unless this offer is accepted by 5 p.m on Saturday, December 21, this offer will become null and void) an offer can be withdrawn at any time before there is an acceptance. And that is what happened to you several years ago. You apparently waited too long, and your landlord withdrew his offer.

    Perhaps if you tell your landlord that if you cannot buy his house, you will be moving out within the next few months, he will change his mind. While the housing sales market remains vibrant and strong, the rental market has slowed down, and your landlord may not want to be stuck with a vacant property.

    Alternatively, if you are in the buying mode, you should start looking around – whether or not you are able to convince your landlord to sell you his property. You may find other properties equally as good, and properties which will not require you to spend a lot of money on repairs.

    In law school, we were taught that “real estate is unique”. Having been out in the real world for some period of time, however, I am not sure that our law professors were correct. I am sure that you will find some other property that will suit your needs – and your budget, especially now when interest rates are so low.

  • Published: January 6, 2003

    Use of this article without permission is a violation of federal copyright laws.


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