Housing Counsel: What's a Wet Settlement?

Written by Posted On Sunday, 28 May 2006 17:00

Question: My wife and I recently purchased a house. The purchase coincided with the sale of our townhouse. I have a real estate license and functioned as the seller's agent. When we went to settlement, we encountered multiple problems stemming from the settlement agent's desire to conduct a "dry settlement."

The issues were finally resolved after about six hours. However, as a result of these delays, we had to pay our movers overtime.

We have attempted to get the settlement company to reimburse us for the extra money their delay cost us, but to no avail.

Is there any way short of going to small claims court to get this matter resolved?

Answer: I think you will have to go to Court, if that is really what you want to do.

Your first mistake was to schedule the sale of your house for the same day that you purchased your new property.

I recognize that this is done all the time, and usually everything works out. But there are always "glitches" in the settlement process:

  • the appraiser has not finished the appraisal;

  • the credit report is shaky and the lender's underwriter needs more financial information; or

  • the title report reveals some issues which have to be resolved.

Your best approach is to sell your house first, and have your buyer agree to let you stay in the house for a few days. You will sign a "post occupancy agreement," and will have to pay the buyer money for the days in which you stay in their house. Typically, sellers pay what is known as "PITI" -- which stands for principle, interest, taxes and insurance. Your buyer will have to start paying a mortgage on the house they just bought, so it is only fair that you reimburse the buyer for the time that you will continue to reside in their new house.

This should not be a problem for you. Keep in mind that you no longer have to pay this PITI on your old house, and you also will have all of the sales proceeds at your disposal.

You referenced a "wet settlement." This is a term of art, which means that when a person goes to settlement, the lender's funds must be on the table.

Compare this to a "dry settlement," where there is no money available at the closing. Usually, the settlement company or attorney will complete the paperwork, send the legal documents to the lender for review, and then the lender will fund the transaction.

As you can appreciate, this can cause a long delay before the seller will get his money. This will also cause the seller to pay additional interest on his loan, since the loan will continue to accrue interest until the lender is paid in full.

Many States -- including Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia -- have enacted "wet settlement" acts. The laws differ from state to state.

For example, in the Commonwealth of Virginia, the Wet Settlement Act requires, among other things, the settlement agent disburse all funds within two business days after all the funds are collected and deposited in the settlement company's trust account.

In the District of Columbia, on the other hand, the settlement attorney must disburse all funds within one business day after the closing takes place. If there are legitimate reasons for delay -- not caused by the settlement agent -- full disclosure must be provided to the seller.

In Maryland, the emphasis is on the lender, and not the settlement agent. Lenders must fund a residential settlement no later than the day that closing takes place. Presumably, this will not give the settlement company any excuses not to promptly disburse all settlement proceeds.

From the facts that you told me, I am not sure that your settlement attorney was in violation of any applicable wet settlement act. You did get your money on the same day that closing took place -- albeit several hours later.

It is your call: do you really want to spend your time going to small claims court. You may have to wait around all day, and indeed your case may not even be called on the scheduled date and will have to be postponed.

Is it really worth it?

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Benny L Kass

Author of the weekly Housing Counsel column with The Washington Post for nearly 30 years, Benny Kass is the senior partner with the Washington, DC law firm of KASS LEGAL GROUP, PLLC and a specialist in such real estate legal areas as commercial and residential financing, closings, foreclosures and workouts.

Mr. Kass is a Charter Member of the College of Community Association Attorneys, and has written extensively about community association issues. In addition, he is a life member of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. In this capacity, he has been involved in the development of almost all of the Commission’s real estate laws, including the Uniform Common Interest Ownership Act which has been adopted in many states.

kasslegalgroup.com

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